I woke up today (29th June 2021) with a piece of news that the Riemann Hypothesis has been solved. But looks like that was all just a fuss. Indian newspapers, The Hindu, The Quint, Hindustan Times, etc., everyone reported that a Hyderabad-based mathematician has succeeded in solving this $1 million question. Riemann Hypothesis is one…
Looking for the best Real Analysis books? If yes, then you are at the right place. In this article, I have listed and reviewed the top 10 real analysis books sorted by their popularity and content quality. These books are not just the best real analysis books, but they also create a solid foundation for…
This is in continuation of my article on getting started with measure theory. As a measure theory student, you may have gone through the trouble of selecting the best books on measure theory. I had the same troubles once. That’s why I have collected the 15 best measure theory books for graduate students. Here is…
In this study note, I have discussed and explained about real sequences — a very important topic in Real Analysis and Calculus. I will cover the topic, definitions and examples under the following headings: Real Sequence: A sequence of real numbers A sequence of real numbers (or a real sequence) is defined as a function…
“Irrational numbers are those real numbers which are not rational numbers!” Def.1: Rational Number A rational number is a real number which can be expressed in the form of where $ a$ and $ b$ are both integers relatively prime to each other and $ b$ being non-zero. Following two statements are equivalent to the…
If you are aware of elementary facts of geometry, then you might know that the area of a disk with radius $ R$ is $ \pi R^2$ . The radius is actually the measure(length) of a line joining the center of disk and any point on the circumference of the disk or any other circular…
Triangle inequality has its name on a geometrical fact that the length of one side of a triangle can never be greater than the sum of the lengths of other two sides of the triangle. If $ a$ , $ b$ and $ c$ be the three sides of a triangle, then neither $ a$…
Multiplication is probably the most important elementary operation in mathematics; even more important than usual addition. Every math-guy has its own style of multiplying numbers. But have you ever tried multiplicating by this way? Exercise: $ 88 \times 45$ =? Ans: as usual :- 3960 but I got this using a particular way: 88 …
Weierstrass had drawn attention to the fact that there exist functions which are continuous for every value of $ x$ but do not possess a derivative for any value. We now consider the celebrated function given by Weierstrass to show this fact. It will be shown that if $ f(x)= \displaystyle{\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} } b^n \cos (a^n…
Let $ \mathbf{Q}$ be the set of rational numbers. It is well known that $ \mathbf{Q}$ is an ordered field and also the set $ \mathbf{Q}$ is equipped with a relation called “less than” which is an order relation. Between two rational numbers there exists an infinite number of elements of $ \mathbf{Q}$. Thus, the system…
In this article, we will formulate the D’ Alembert’s Ratio Test on convergence of a series. Let’s start. Statement of D’Alembert Ratio Test A series $ \sum {u_n}$ of positive terms is convergent if from and after some fixed term $ \dfrac {u_{n+1}} {u_n} < r < {1} $ , where r is a fixed…
Derivative of x squared As we know, the derivative of x squared, i.e., differentiation of $ x^2$ , with respect to $ x$, is $ 2x$. i.e., $ \dfrac{d}{dx} x^2 = 2x$ A Curious Case Suppose we write $ x^2$ as the sum of $ x$ ‘s written up $ x$ times. i.e., $ x^2…
