Calculus

Fresh into Calculus? Are you looking for the best calculus books that you should start with? Well, when I was your age, I had tried several books from the library, borrowed books from friends and purchased over a dozen from Amazon. But not all books were effective, and most of these only wasted my time.…

"Irrational numbers are those real numbers which are not rational numbers!" Def.1: Rational Number A rational number is a real number which can be expressed in the form of where $ a$ and $ b$ are both integers relatively prime to each other and $ b$ being non-zero.Following two statements are equivalent to the definition…

If you are aware of elementary facts of geometry, then you might know that the area of a disk with radius $ R$ is $ \pi R^2$ . Premise The radius is actually the measure(length) of a line joining the center of disk and any point on the circumference of the disk or any other…

Triangle inequality has its name on a geometrical fact that the length of one side of a triangle can never be greater than the sum of the lengths of other two sides of the triangle. If $ a$ , $ b$ and $ c$ be the three sides of a triangle, then neither $ a$…

Ramanujan (1887-1920) discovered some formulas on algebraic nested radicals. This article is based on one of those formulas. The main aim of this article is to discuss and derive them intuitively. Nested radicals have many applications in Number Theory as well as in Numerical Methods . The simple binomial theorem of degree 2 can be…

If mathematics was a language, logic was the grammar, numbers should have been the alphabet. There are many types of numbers we use in mathematics, but at a broader aspect we may categorize them in two categories: 1. Countable Numbers 2. Uncountable Numbers The numbers which can be counted in nature are called Countable Numbers…

Weierstrass had drawn attention to the fact that there exist functions which are continuous for every value of $ x$ but do not possess a derivative for any value. We now consider the celebrated function given by Weierstrass to show this fact. It will be shown that if $ f(x)= \displaystyle{\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} } b^n \cos (a^n…

In this list, I have collected all useful and important free online calculus textbooks, mostly in downloadable pdf format. Feel free to download and use these. Elementary Calculus : An approach using infinitesimals by H. J. Keisler https://www.math.wisc.edu/~keisler/keislercalc-12-23-18.pdf Multivariable Calculus by Jim Herod and George Cain http://people.math.gatech.edu/~cain/notes/calculus.html Calculus by Gilbert Strang http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/textbooks/Strang/strangtext.htm Calculus Bible by…

In this article, we will formulate the D' Alembert's Ratio Test on convergence of a series. Let's start. Statement of D'Alembert Ratio Test A series $ \sum {u_n}$ of positive terms is convergent if from and after some fixed term $ \dfrac {u_{n+1}} {u_n} < r < {1} $ , where r is a fixed…

Topic: Beta & Gamma functions The Gamma function and Beta functions belong to the category of special transcendental functions and are defined in terms of improper definite integrals. Definitions of Beta and Gamma functions are given below. But before that, let's quote the statement of Dirichlet's theorem so that we can work around Liouville's extension…

Derivative of x squared As we know, the derivative of x squared, i.e., differentiation of $ x^2$ , with respect to $ x$, is $ 2x$. i.e., $ \dfrac{d}{dx} x^2 = 2x$ A Curious Case Suppose we write $ x^2$ as the sum of $ x$ 's written up $ x$ times. i.e., $ x^2…

Consider a sequence of functions as follows:- $ f_1 (x) = \sqrt {1+\sqrt {x} } $ $ f_2 (x) = \sqrt{1+ \sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {x} } } $ $ f_3 (x) = \sqrt {1+ \sqrt {1+2 \sqrt {1+3 \sqrt {x} } } } $ ......and so on to $ f_n (x) = \sqrt {1+\sqrt{1+2 \sqrt…